Green design is not merely the use of energy-efficient materials. It also involves the creation of products and systems that leave a light footprint on the environment over the full life-cycle - from production to transportation, installation, use and renewal. As such, sustainable green design should be thought of as a process, not just a goal - allowing for a broader evaluation of the environmental, economical and societal impacts of product, as single units and as part of their environment.
When considering environmental issues in construction and life cycle, some focus on evaluation of manufactured products in terms of waste disposal (although a product’s end-use can account for as much as 90 percent of a product’s impact on the environment). Instead, a host of factors and influences of a product’s impact on society should be evaluated and contrasted to the product’s performance. A systems approach allows for determination of the environmental impact of a product in terms of energy consumption at each state of a product’s life cycle, beginning at the point of raw materials extraction from the earth and proceeding through processing, manufacturing, fabrication, end-use and disposal. Transportation of materials and products to each process step should also be included.
True green building design looks at all products not merely in terms of their green attributes, but the sum of the attributes through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and environmental impact. LCA is an objective process used in the evaluation of the environmental burdens associated with a product, process or activity through the identification and quantification of energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment. The assessment includes the entire life cycle of the product, process or activity, encompassing the extraction and processing of raw materials, manufacturing, transportation and distribution, use/reuse/maintenance, recycling and final disposal.
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